Filesystem Hierarchy Standard
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Most Linux distribution follow the as a reference for the layout of the Unix system.
All files and directories appear under the primary hierarchy root and entire file system root directory /.
/bin - stores important executable programs (binaries).
/boot - boot loader files used to boot the system (kernel, initrd).
/dev - device files for physical devices (mouse, hdds, standard in/out, standard error).
/etc - local system-wide configuration files for programs.
/home - personal directories of all users.
/lib - essential shared libraries for binaries to run
/media - mount point for removable media.
/mnt - mount point for temporary file systems.
/opt - additional software not found in the distribution repositories, custom utilities and packages, accessible to everyone.
/proc - information about running processes, the kernel and system hardware.
/root - home directory for the root user.
/sbin - essential binaries available only to the root user.
/tmp - temporary files used by the system, usually cleared on boot, not for important storage.
/usr - contains important subdirectories, read-only data programs.
/var - contains dynamic program data (logs, spool), troubleshooting log files.
