Intro to Kali Linux

Kali Linux

Linux Commands

🔗 explainshell.com

🔗 TCM Linux-101 - syselement

• 📌 Use TAB for autocompletion

➡️ File System

sudo - run commands and tasks as a superuser or another user, with elevated privileges.

sudo <COMMAND>

# Switch to "root" user
sudo su -

pwd - print the current working directory absolute path

pwd

cd - change current working directory

# Change dir to user's home dir
cd

# Change dir to parent dir (one level up)
cd ..

# Change dir
cd /home/user
cd /etc

ls - list current directory contents

ls

# Detailed list
ls -la

mkdir - make a new directory

mkdir tcm

rmdir - remove a directory

rmdir tcm

man - manual of a command

man <COMMAND>
<COMMAND> --help

man ls
man sudo
sudo --help

echo - display a line of text as output

echo "See ya"

cat - concatenate files to standard output

cat text.txt

> - redirect the output of a command to a file

echo "See ya" > text.txt

>> - append the output of a command to a file

echo "Tomorrow" >> text.txt

rm - delete files/dirs

rm text.txt

# Force and recursive remove a folder - PAY ATTENTION!
rm -rf tcm

mv - move/renames files/dirs

mv text.txt tcm/text_renamed.txt

cp - copy files and directories

cp text.txt tcm/text.txt

locate - find files by name in a prebuilt database

locate text.txt

updatedb - update the locate database

sudo updatedb

history - show user's history input list

history

passwd - change user's password

passwd
passwd <USER>

touch - create a new empty file or change existing file timestamp

touch test.txt

nano - text editor (other are vi, vim)

nano test2.txt

mousepad - GUI text editor

mousepad test3.txt

➡️ Users & Permissions

ls -la

• r - read

• w - write

• x - execute

d rwx r-x r-x 2 syselement syselement 4096 Jun 13 15:01 Desktop

• Permissions

  • 1st character - d / - / l = directory / file / symbolic link

  • 2nd block - owner permissions

  • 3rd block - group permissions

  • 4th block - world permissions

    • - (hyphen) = no permission

• File hard links - #

• user

• group

• file size (bytes)

• date

• file name

la -la /tmp
	drwxrwxrwt 16 root root 4096 Jun 13 15:39 .

chmod - change the mode/permissions of files/dirs

# Give "execute" permissions
chmod +x test.sh
chmod 777 test.sh

Octal	Decimal	Permission	Representation
000	0 (0+0+0)	No Permission	---
001	1 (0+0+1)	Execute	--x
010	2 (0+2+0)	Write	-w-
011	3 (0+2+1)	Write + Execute	-wx
100	4 (4+0+0)	Read	r--
101	5 (4+0+1)	Read + Execute	r-x
110	6 (4+2+0)	Read + Write	rw-
111	7 (4+2+1)	Read + Write + Execute	rwx

🔗 chmod Calculator

adduser - create a new user

sudo adduser <USER>

su - switch to another user

su <USER>

/etc/passwd - user's list, shell types, etc

cat /etc/passwd

/etc/shadow - user's passwords hashes

sudo cat /etc/shadow

/etc/sudoers - sudo configuration directives

man sudoers
sudo cat /etc/sudoers

# Check "sudo" group
grep 'sudo' /etc/group

sudo -l - list user's privileges or check a specific command

sudo -l
sudo -ll

➡️ Network

Network

ip / ifconfig- show/manipulate routing, network devices, interfaces and tunnels

ip a
ip -br -c a

ifconfig

iwconfig - show wireless network interface configuration and status

iwconfig

ARP & Routes

ip n - display the neighbor/ARP table

ip n

arp -a - display ARP cache, IP-to-MAC address mapping

arp -a

ip r - display the IP routing table (destination networks, gateway IP, net interfaces)

ip r

route - display/manipulate the IP routing table

route

ping <IP>

ping - send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST to network hosts, checking network connectivity

ping 8.8.8.8
# Stop with CTRL+C

netstat / ss - print network connections (e.g. for open ports)

netstat -tulpn
ss -tnl

➡️ Services

service - manipulate services

# Start Apache Web server service
sudo service apache2 start

# Stop Apache Web server service
sudo service apache2 stop

service

python

# Start a simple HTTP server using Python, in current directory
python3 -m http.server 80

python3 -m http.server 80

systemctl

# Enable a service at system boot
sudo systemctl enable ssh
sudo systemctl enable ssh --now

# Disable a service at system boot
sudo systemctl disable ssh

➡️ Tools

apt update - update the packages list and upgrade installed packages using the APT package manager

# Update O.S.
sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y

apt install - install packages

sudo apt install cron-daemon-common

# Install some useful tools
sudo apt install -y apt-transport-https btop curl duf eza flameshot htop kali-wallpapers-all neofetch net-tools pipx speedtest-cli telegram-desktop terminator tor tree vlc wget

git - work with Git repository and version control

🔗 pimpmykali

# Clone a Github repository in the "/opt" dir
cd /opt
sudo rm -rf pimpmykali/
sudo git clone https://github.com/Dewalt-arch/pimpmykali

sudo /opt/pimpmykali/pimpmykali.sh
# For a new kali vm, run menu option N
# hit N for NO root login
reboot

---

Other Tools Install

# Sublime
sudo sh -c '
    wget -qO- https://download.sublimetext.com/sublimehq-pub.gpg | gpg --dearmor -o /usr/share/keyrings/sublimehq-archive.gpg &&
    echo "deb [arch="$(dpkg --print-architecture)" signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/sublimehq-archive.gpg] https://download.sublimetext.com/ apt/stable/" | tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/sublime-text.list &&
    apt update &&
    apt install -y sublime-text
'

# Brave
sudo sh -c '
    apt install -y curl
    curl -fsSLo /usr/share/keyrings/brave-browser-archive-keyring.gpg https://brave-browser-apt-release.s3.brave.com/brave-browser-archive-keyring.gpg
    echo "deb [arch="$(dpkg --print-architecture)" signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/brave-browser-archive-keyring.gpg] https://brave-browser-apt-release.s3.brave.com/ stable main" | tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/brave-browser-release.list
    wget http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/libu/libu2f-host/libu2f-udev_1.1.10-3.2_all.deb
    dpkg -i libu2f-udev_1.1.10-3.2_all.deb
    apt update && apt install -y brave-browser
    rm -rf libu2f-udev_1.1.10-3.2_all.deb
'

# VSCodium
wget https://gitlab.com/paulcarroty/vscodium-deb-rpm-repo/raw/master/pub.gpg && sudo mv pub.gpg /usr/share/keyrings/vscodium-archive-keyring.asc
sudo sh -c 'echo "deb [ signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/vscodium-archive-keyring.asc ] https://paulcarroty.gitlab.io/vscodium-deb-rpm-repo/debs vscodium main" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/vscodium.list'
sudo apt update && sudo apt install -y codium

# AutoRecon + Scanning Tools
sudo apt update
sudo apt install -y python3 python3-pip seclists curl dnsrecon enum4linux feroxbuster gobuster impacket-scripts nbtscan nikto nmap onesixtyone oscanner redis-tools smbclient smbmap snmp sslscan sipvicious tnscmd10g whatweb wkhtmltopdf
sudo apt install -y python3-venv
python3 -m pip install --user pipx
python3 -m pipx ensurepath
source ~/.zshrc
pipx install git+https://github.com/Tib3rius/AutoRecon.git

---

Bash Scripting & Piping

➡️ Ping Sweep Script

• Make a bash script that gathers data from a ping command during a ping sweep network scanning.

grep - print lines that match patterns

ping 192.168.31.135 -c 1 > ip.txt

cat ip.txt | grep "64 bytes"
# Prints only the line matching the grep string

cat ip.txt | grep "64 bytes" | cut -d " " -f 4 | tr -d ":" 

Script: Sweep every IP address in a specific subnet network and export only the IPs that respond back.

🔗 Github - ipsweep repositories

nano ipsweep.sh

#!/bin/bash

if [ "$1" == "" ]
	then
		echo "ERROR: Insert an IP address!"
		echo "Syntax is: ./ipsweep.sh 192.168.1"
	else
		# For every IP in the subnet Ping and print the IP
		# & = multiple loop instances at once
		for ip in `seq 1 254`; do	
		ping -c 1 $1.$ip | grep "64 bytes" | cut -d " " -f 4 | tr -d ":" &
	done
fi

chmod +x ipsweep.sh
./ipsweep.sh 192.168.31
./ipsweep.sh 192.168.31 > ips.txt

One liner nmap scan of ips.txt

for ip in $(cat ips.txt); do nmap $ip; done

---